Module 2. Photovoltaic energy

To start this PV module the main uses of photovoltaics will be detailed in order to get an idea of the possibilities that this technology offers for the development of modern living. Once the technological possibilities offered by this technology are known, the main factors that determine the efficiency of photovoltaic systems such as radiation, inclination, shade, losses and efficiency will be dealt with

Module 4: Small wind energy

To start this module it is necessary an introductive part about the use of wind energy to produce electricity. There are presented historical data of wind energy use, the evolution in time of wind turbines, basic constructive configurations of turbines with the principal elements components. There are presented the conditions for efficient exploitation and it is pointed out the importance of the development of electricity production using wind energy

Environmental implications of reprocessing agricultural waste into animal food: An experience with rice straw and citrus pruning waste

The aim of this study is to conduct an environmental comparison, by applying the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, of two different compositions for animal foods each with two different nutritional contents (‘high’ for the lactation period, and ‘low’ for the rest of the year). Thus, for each nutritional content, the environmental performance of producing animal feed with a traditional composition mainly based on cereals is compared with a composition based on a mixture of biomass obtained from rice straw and citrus pruning waste. It was observed that the reprocessing of rice straw and citrus pruning waste into animal feed offered environmental potential compared to the current alternative of being burned in the fields. The environmental impact category global warming is especially improved, with impact reductions of up to 50% and 95%, respectively, for high and low nutritional content compositions. In addition, the alternatives proposed herein make it possible to avoid all the inconvenience and impacts on the health of the population living near the fields

Las claves del enigma: cómo se descifra una escritura

Resúmenes de las conferencias del ciclo "Las claves del enimga. Cómo se descifra una escritura", celebrado en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense entre los días 14 y 16 de noviembre de 2005 en el marco de la V Semana de la Ciencia. Se tratan las siguientes escrituras: cuneiforme, lineal B, escrituras de la India antigua, jeroglífico luvita, jeroglífico egipcio, cario, escrituras de Mesoamérica (maya), ibérica y escrituras sudarábigas

Increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella associated with MSM transmission in Barcelona, 2020–21: outbreak of XRD Shigella sonnei and dissemination of ESBL-producing Shigella flexneri

Antimicrobial resistance; Shigella sonnei; Sexually transmitted infectionResistencia antimicrobiana; Shigella sonnei; Infección de transmisión sexualResistència antimicrobiana; Shigella sonnei; Infecció de transmissió sexualBackground Several countries have recently reported the detection of ESBL-producing Shigella sonnei associated with transmission among MSM. In a previous study by our group, 2.8% of Shigella spp. obtained from MSM in Barcelona between 2015 and 2019 were ESBL producers. Objectives To describe and characterize the emerging ESBL-producing Shigella spp. associated with sexual transmission among MSM detected from 2020 to 2021 in Barcelona, elucidating their connectivity with contemporaneous ESBL-producing Shigella spp. from other countries. Results From 2020 to 2021, we identified that among MSM, 68% of S. sonnei were XDR harbouring blaCTX-M-27 and 14% of Shigella flexneri were MDR harbouring blaCTX-M-27. WGS analysis showed that the ESBL-producing S. sonnei were part of a monophyletic cluster, which included isolates responsible for the prolonged outbreak occurring in the UK. Our data also reveal the first emergence and clonal dissemination of ESBL-producing and fluoroquinolone-resistant S. flexneri 2a among MSM. Conclusions We report an increasing trend of antimicrobial resistance in Shigella spp. among MSM in Barcelona since 2021, mainly as a consequence of the dissemination of XDR ESBL-producing S. sonnei, previously reported in the UK. These results highlight the importance of international collaborative surveillance of MDR/XDR S. sonnei and S. flexneri for rapid identification of their emergence and the prevention of the transmission of these pathogens.This work was partially supported by the ‘Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad’, ‘Instituto de Salud Carlos III’, and co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) ‘A Way to Achieve Europe’ (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases, grant number RD16/0016/0003) and by the Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, grant no. CB21/13/00054). A.M.M. is supported by a grant from the ‘Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria’ (Contratos Predoctorales de Formación en Investigación, grant number FI19/00315)

El enigma escrito: escrituras sin descifrar

Ciclo de conferencias "El enigma escrito. Escrituras sin descifrar", 7-8 de noviembre de 2006, Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense. (No publicado)Resúmenes de las conferencias del ciclo "El enigma escrito. Escrituras sin descifrar", celebrado en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense entre los días 7 y 8 de noviembre de 2006 en el marco de la VI Semana de la Ciencia. Se tratan las siguientes escrituras: lineal A, disco de Festo, escritura paleohispánica suroccidental, gublita, escrituras protosinaíticas, protoelamita y escritura del valle del Indo.Peer reviewe

El enigma escrito: escrituras sin descifrar

Resúmenes de las conferencias del ciclo "El enigma escrito. Escrituras sin descifrar", celebrado en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense entre los días 7 y 8 de noviembre de 2006 en el marco de la VI Semana de la Ciencia. Se tratan las siguientes escrituras: lineal A, disco de Festo, escritura paleohispánica suroccidental, gublita, escrituras protosinaíticas, protoelamita y escritura del valle del Indo

Las claves del enigma: cómo se descifra una escritura

Resúmenes de las conferencias del ciclo "Las claves del enimga. Cómo se descifra una escritura", celebrado en la Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense entre los días 14 y 16 de noviembre de 2005 en el marco de la V Semana de la Ciencia. Se tratan las siguientes escrituras: cuneiforme, lineal B, escrituras de la India antigua, jeroglífico luvita, jeroglífico egipcio, cario, escrituras de Mesoamérica (maya), ibérica y escrituras sudarábigas.Las claves del enigma: cómo se descifra una escritura. In Ciclo de conferencias "Las claves del enigma. Cómo se descifra una escritura", 14-16 de noviembre de 2005, Facultad de Filología de la Universidad Complutense. (No publicado)Peer reviewe

New protocol based on massive parallel sequencing for aneuploidy screening of preimplantation human embryos

<p>Novel next-generation sequencing procedures have rapidly emerged into the preimplantation genetic screening framework. This work presents the design and validation of a new low-coverage whole-genome sequencing assay for aneuploidy detection in single blastomeres and trophectodermal samples from preimplantation embryos. The validation ensures analytical sensitivity, specificity, robustness, precision, limit of detection, resolution, and reproducibility. Specific parameters to measure the performance are defined, and the results are compared with a standardized array-based method to stablish the concordance. From the single cell genomics point of view, the main novelties are the length of reads of the libraries (150 nucleotides) together with a paired-end strategy and the design of an original algorithm and copy number viewer. A total of 129 samples were included in six experimental runs using a MiSeq Illumina platform. Samples included: single amniocytes, single blastomeres (cleavage-stage embryos), trophectoderm samples (blastocyst), and diluted DNA. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated per chromosome yielding 96% and 99%, respectively. The percentage of concordant samples was 98.2% and all of the aneuploid samples were confirmed. In conclusion, the validation yields highly reliable and reproducible results, representing an accurate and cost-effective strategy for the routine detection of aneuploidy in human embryos.</p